I FARAONI

DJER

We now reach the end of the 30th Century BCE with the reign of King Djer who is thought to have reigned as many as 41 years. Unfortunately, I did not have very interesting photos of Djer (Oooh! Arrowheads! Wouldn’t you have been excited? 🤣 ) so, I will take a short break from my own collection of photos to show you my very favorite artifact that, sadly, I have yet to see with my own eyes. That’s because the Bier of Osiris, found in the Tomb of Djer at Umm el-Qa’ab in the low western desert of Abydos, has always been in a traveling exhibition for five or more years … even when I was last in the Egyptian Museum in November.

Shown in the accompanying photo shortly after it was found in the Tomb of Djer in Umm el-Qa’ab, the Bier of Osiris was excavated by Emile Amelineau, a French Egyptologist, in 1898.

From the New Kingdom onwards, the Tomb of Djer was regarded as the Tomb of Osiris and it was here that the famous five-day passion play of Osiris was re-enacted to commemorate the Myth of Osiris. How do we know this? The details of the passion play are recorded on the Dynasty 12 Stela of Ikhernofret now in the Neues Museum in Berlin. We call the passion play the Khoiak Festival but that’s a Coptic name. The ancient Egyptians called it kaherka or ( 𓂓 𓁷 𓏤 𓂓 𓎱 𓇳 ). As you can see, there is a heb sign (𓎱) shown to indicate that it was a festival. Some of the activities during the festival were shaping earth to look like the profile of Osiris. Seeds were sown in a ceramic Osiris Mold and then watered until germination.

But back to Djer! Remember? Dynasty I’s third king? 😀 According to Josef Wegner, his serekh name (meaning “Defender of Horus”) is pronounced “JAIR” as in chair, and his name is spelled as 𓇦 (M37 among Gardiner numbers). On the Abydos Kinglist in the Temple of Sety I, his name appears as his throne name or 𓇋 𓏏 𓍘 (Iteti). He is thought to be the son to Hor-Aha and Hor-Aha’s other wife named Khenthap. When his tomb was found, his mummified arm was found with four bracelets around his wrist (of which I will post a photo of in the comments along with a photo of his tomb … now back-filled).

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