I FARAONI

DEN

So far, we have covered the first five monarchs i.e.

𓇓 𓏏 𓆤 𓏏 (nesu-bity) and their queens i.e. 𓈞 𓏏 𓇓 𓅨 (hemet-nesu-weret) which I summarize below (where the regnal years are purely guesswork):

reg-yrs / length / dynasty / royalty

3072-3012 60 01-01 Narmer, Neithhotep?

3012-2980 32 01-02 Hor-Aha, Benerib, Khenthap

2948-2907 41 01-03 Djer,Nakhtneith

2907-2897 10 01-04 Djet, Merneith

2897-2887 10 01-05 Merneith (regent and probable monarch)

I acknowledge that I did not mention Neithhotep or Nakhtneith but that’s because I know absolutely nothing about them and, as indicated by the question mark, it’s apparently not even certain with Narmer’s consort.

© David Robbins

This now brings us fully into the 29th Century BCE with the 42-year reign of Den (technically 32 years since his mother was co-regent for the first 10). As you can see in the top image of my two-photo collage, Den imitates the same smiting motif as we saw in Narmer on his palette. I photographed both the ivory label of Den (top) and the Ebony Label of Den just moments apart as they are both in the same display case in the British Museum.

Just to the right of Den’s face (on the ivory label), you can see his serekh (𓊁 ) with his name in the top part as Den with the hand (𓂧/D) and the water ripple (𓈖/n). This is where the names of deities almost always appear … just to the right of the face. So when you go to Egypt, just have a chart on your smart phone and you can probably read the name of any deity on a wall or in a museum. Later, in Egyptian history though, the cartouche gets invented and royal names (birth names and throne names) are always then shown in cartouches. Deities, however, remain to the right of the face pretty consistently forever.

Both labels were found at Den’s tomb at Umm el-Qa’ab in the spoil heaps of Émile Amélineau meaning he didn’t find them or didn’t consider them important. Flinders Petrie saw such things of the highest importance and, of course, Petrie was right especially since this is possibly the earliest images (along with Narmer’s Palette) that we have of an Egyptian pharaoh.

The right hand side of the Ivory Label depicts the Standard of Wepwawet as you can see the jackal at the top of the standard. The hieroglyphs say, basically, “first occasion of smiting the East.” 𓐓 𓊗 𓌐𓋁

The Ebony Label on the bottom shows more hieroglyphs than I can possibly explain here but the most important part is that in the top right in which we see Den portrayed both enthroned under a canopy at left and performing in his heb sed on the right. The heb sed was a festival held typically in the 30th year of a pharaoh’s reign in order to “rejuvenate” him or show that the king was still capable of ruling. Thus, you see Den, to the right, running during his heb sed.

The Ivory Label is EA 55586 in the British Museum.

The Ebony Label is EA 32650 also in the British Museum.

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