I FARAONI

NARMER

Today, I will begin a long series of posts on each Egyptian pharaoh, that is, one by one through each of the kings in which I have photographed statues, wall-relief images or artifacts of said king. Of course, since there are said to be 170 such pharaohs (and my own list contains 189 (not including Predynastic kings or Roman Emperors), I won’t have anything for some, maybe many? pharaohs, of course, but I’ll remember to mention them.

© Dave Robbins

Everybody knows this first one, that is, Narmer, and his Palette, found in 1898 at the ‘main deposit’ in Hierakonpolis by James Quibell. As you can see, Narmer is wearing the white crown of upper Egypt called the hedjet ( 𓌉𓏏 𓋑 ) which, itself, just means the color white. In fact, in this literally 5000-year-old artifact, we can see the start of one of the longest lasting cultural traditions we’ve ever known in human civilization. That is, the smiting motif, where Narmer is about to clobber his captive (held by the hair in his left hand) with the mace held in his right hand. Other traditions started with this image include the false beard, the chin strap, the kilt, and the bull’s tail … all worn by Egyptian kings for the next 30 centuries.

In its home in the atrium of the Egyptian Museum … ground floor, gallery 43 … less than ten seconds from the museum entrance.
La collocazione nell’atrio del Museo Egizio … piano terra, galleria 43 … a meno di dieci secondi dall’ingresso del museo.
© Dave Robbins

How do we know Narmer’s name? Just above the very tip of his crown are his name’s hieroglyphs. “Nar” is a catfish represented by the hieroglyph K24 (which I can only substitute for with K8, that is, 𓆢, along with U23 or 𓍋 i.e. ‘mr’ which represents a chisel shown vertically. So his name, Narmer, was spelled: 𓆢 𓍋 (i.e. nr-mr). Enclosing the two hieroglyphs is a palace facade. The facade itself (𓊁) became part of the Horus name or serekh name of the fivefold royal titulary. Thus, we know Narmer’s serekh name is, of course, Narmer. What do you suspect would be his ‘throne name?’

In front of Narmer’s face on this thought-to-be ‘recto’ side of the palette is a falcon holding yet another captive with a nose ring. The six papyrus plants under the falcon may be hieroglyphs for 6000 (𓇀𓆼) which it is speculated may be the number of prisoners captured.

Behind Narmer, also on the battlefield, is his sandal-bearer who carries, of course, royal sandals in his left hand and, likely, a pot of water in his right hand. The goddess Bat is found in each upper corner. Bat, an important influence on the cult of Hathor, is thought to mean “female spirit.”

As mentioned, this, of course, is just the recto side of the palette. The accession number in the Cairo Museum is CG 14716. My photo is from February 2018 when, believe it or not, Janet and I went to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, everyday for five consecutive days. 🤣 Not kidding.

The top half of the ‘verso’ side of the Narmer Palette. I won’t explain all of this side but, on this side, Narmer wears the red crown of lower Egypt called the ‘deshret’ represented by the hieroglyph shown as 𓋔 and, as you can see, contains a spiral representing the partly unrolled tongue or proboscis of a honey bee. The honey bee was a symbol of lower Egypt and was even part of their name for a king, that being, bity, or: 𓆤 𓏏𓀰
La metà superiore del “verso” della Paletta di Narmer. Non spiegherò tutto di questo lato, ma su di esso Narmer indossa la corona rossa del basso Egitto chiamata “deshret”, rappresentata dal geroglifico 𓋔 e, come si può vedere, contiene una spirale che rappresenta la lingua o proboscide parzialmente estesa di un’ape. L’ape mellifera era un simbolo del basso Egitto e faceva persino parte del nome di un re, detto bity ovvero: 𓆤 𓏏𓀰
The lower half of the verso side. Was it actually the ‘verso side?’ We don’t actually know but this is what is commonly thought.
La metà inferiore del verso. Questo lato era davvero il “verso”? In realtà non lo sappiamo, ma è ciò che si pensa comunemente.